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Cell
depletion and how to fix it
细胞消耗及其修理
Cell
depletion (cell loss without equivalent replacement) happens in some of our
most important tissues -- particularly the heart and some parts of the brain.
It also happens in our muscles. 细胞消耗（细胞丧失而没有等量置换）发生在我们一些很重要的组织中—特别是心脏和脑的某些部分。它也发生在我们的肌肉中。 Sometimes
the gaps where the cells were are filled up by nearby cells getting bigger
(as in the heart), sometimes by replacement by other types of cell or by
fibrous acellular material (this happens in the brain and the heart) and
sometimes not at all -- the tissue just shrinks (this happens in muscle). 有时，该细胞所在的空隙被临近胀大细胞所填满（例如在心脏中），有时被其他类型细胞置换，或被纤维性的非细胞物质所置换（这发生在脑和心脏中），有时完全不填满、也不置换--该组织仅仅皱缩（这发生在肌肉中）。 Cell
depletion can be fixed in three main ways. One is by "natural"
stimulation of cell division; this is how exercise increases the size of
muscles, though some muscles are much harder to stimulate in this way than
others. The second way is by the artificial introduction (e.g., by injection)
of growth factors that stimulate cell division; this works well in muscle and
may also work in the thymus, an important part of the immune system. 修理细胞消耗有三个主要方法。一种方法是"自然地"刺激细胞分裂；锻炼能增加肌肉体积，虽然某些肌肉比另外一些肌肉，用这种方式刺激要困难得多。第二种方法是人工地引入（例如，注射）能刺激细胞分裂的生长因子；这在肌肉中很起作用，可能也在胸腺中起作用（胸腺是免疫系统重要部件）。 Both
natural and artificial stimulation of cell division have their limitations,
however, partly because as a defence against cancer cells have a variety of
blocks against dividing excessively. So, for example, there is evidence that
stem cells in continuously renewing tissues like the blood tend to get
depleted late in life in some mouse strains. 然而，自然地或人工地刺激细胞分裂，都有它们的局限，部分地是由于为了抗癌，细胞有很多方法来阻断过分分裂。所以，例如，有证据表明，在某些品系小鼠的生命后期中，像血这样的连续更新组织，干细胞倾向于耗竭。 This
is the main reason why we'll almost certainly need the third way to fix cell
depletion, which is to introduce new whole cells that have been engineered
into a state where they will divide to fix the tissue even though cells
already present within the body were not doing so. 这就是我们几乎肯定需要第三种方法来修理细胞消耗的主要理由，这第三种方法就是引入新的、已被工程化为某种状态的全部细胞，在这种状态下它们将分裂来修理组织，即使已存在于身体内的细胞 不这样做。 This
is what stem cell therapy is. I guess I don't need to write any more about
stem cell therapy: if you're reading this website, you're probably interested
enough in medical progress that you know plenty about it already. 这就是干细胞疗法。我想，关于干细胞疗法不必写得太多：如果您正在阅读这个网页，您可能对医学进展足够兴趣，您已经对它知道很多。 We
need more work in all these three areas, even though they are all progressing
very encouragingly. 在所有这三个领域里，我们都需要努力工作，即使它们全都非常鼓舞人心地进展着。 Talks on exercise at IABG 10: 在IABG
10上关于锻炼的讲话：Ji Powers
Tidball
Goto 在IABG
10上关于生长因子的讲话：Rosenthal
Aspinall
Brockes
Goldspink 在IABG 10上关于干细胞的讲话：West Svendsen Sefton Kirkwood Van Zant Haseltine |
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Problems or questions regarding this site
should be directed to Dr. de Grey
有关本网站的问题和询问一律由Dr. de Grey主持